errrr, no.
It would still gain forward movement (and therefore take off), the conveyor belt just makes the wheels turn faster.
The plane is pushing/pulling itself forward against the air, not the runway/conveyor. The air is not affected by the moving surface the plane is standing on.
I can see where people are having trouble understanding this; it's because they assume that the moving belt stops the plane moving forwards, but it really wouldn't stop it doing that - it would just make the wheels revolve more quickly.
Once you've grasped that it's fairly easy to understand, isn't it?