If I had a small child (we don't, but *IF*) I wouldn't have a large breed dog at all. I think the ones you cite couldn't be more unsuited, sounds like you have a death wish on him Dogue de Bordeaux are interbred over here, with dodgy character and health. American Bulldogs are basically a fighting dog, domesticated a bit. Old English Bulldog is maybe the best of the three if you can stand a dog so horrendously genetically deformed as to be a (just) walking holiday fund for the local vet ? Short coat and a need to be outdoors all day in the winter don't bode too well. I would say a miniature schnauzer or a miniature bull terrier, or a miniature pinscher, miniature poodle or beagle would be worth considering, but I wouldn't know how they'd fair outside in very low temps. Our Russian Terriers and Anatolians saw minus 15 here for several mights, outside all day and night with day temps never getting above well below zero, last winter, in very basic kennelling, with no heat at all, but that's what they are bred for.
The miniature schnauzer and miniature will need trimming to keep them short, but the poodle hardly moults at all, and the schnauzer a minimal amount. I would avoid terriers if left unsupervised, and most hounds, especially sight hounds.